专升本、四级英语考试解析（十七）
发布时间：2021-08-19浏览：次
编辑：hongsheng
Passage 1
Nothing succeeds in business books like the study of success. The current business-book boom was launched in 1982 by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman with “In Search of Excellence”. The trend has continued with a succession of experts who promise to distil the essence of excellence into three (or five or seven) simple rules.
“The Three Rules ” is a self-conscious contribution to the genre; it even includes a bibliography of “success studies”. Michael Raynor and Mumtaz Ahmed work for a consultancy, Deloitte, that is determined to turn itself into more of a thought-leader and less a corporate repairman. They employ all the tricks of the success books. They insist that their conclusions are “measurable and ACTionable”—guides to behaviour rather than analysis for its own sake. Success authors usually serve up vivid stories about how exceptional business- people istamped their personalities on a company or rescued it from a life-threatening crisis. Messrs Raynor and Ahmed are happier chewing the numbers: they provide detailed appendices on “calculating the elements of advantage” and detailed analysis.
The authors spent five years studying the behaviour of their 344 “exceptional companies”, only to come up at first with nothing. Every hunch led to a blind alley and every hypothesis to a dead end. It was only when they shifted their attention from how companies behave to how they think that they began to make sense of their voluminous material.
Management is all about making difficult trade-offs in conditions that are always uncertain and often volatile. But exceptional companies approach these trade-offs with two simple rules in mind, sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously. First: better before cheaper. Companies are more likely to succeed in the long run if they compete on quality or performance than on price. Second: revenue before cost. Companies have more to gain in the long run from driving up revenue (for example by charging higher prices or appealing to more customers) than by driving down costs.
Most success studies suffer from two faults. There is “the halo effect”, whereby good performance leads commentators to attribute all manner of virtues to anything and everything the company does. These virtues then suddenly become vices when the company falters. Messrs Raynor and Ahmed work hard to avoid these mistakes by studying large bodies of data over several decades. But they end up embracing a different error: stating the obvious. Most businesspeople will not be surprised to learn that it is better to find a profitable niche and focus on boosting your revenues than to compete on price and cut your way to success. The difficult question is how to find that profitable niche and protect it. There, “The Three Rules” is less useful.
56题。题干问题为“以下哪种商业书籍最可能大卖？”。根据关键词business books 定位到第一段。Nothing succeeds in business books like the study of success. 商业书籍中最成功的就是对成功的研究。The current business-book boom was launched in 1982 by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman with “In Search of Excellence”. 最近的商业书籍的繁荣始于1982年的一本名为“找寻杰出”的书。The trend has continued with a succession of experts who promise to distil the essence of excellence into three (or five or seven) simple rules.这个趋势伴随着一系列专家而持续，他们承诺提取出杰出的本质并把它简化成3或5或7个简单规则。 由此可以得出，A.研究杰出的书 为正确答案。
57题。题干问题为“以下哪种商业书籍最可能大卖？”。根据关键词success books定位到第二段第三句：……They employ all the tricks of the success books. 他们使用了成功学书籍的所有诡计。They insist that their conclusions are “measurable and ACTionable”—guides to behaviour rather than analysis for its own sake.他们坚持说他们的结论是可测量的和可执行的——引导行为而不是分析。Success authors usually serve up vivid stories about how exceptional business- people stamped their personalities on a company or rescued it from a life-threatening crisis. 成功学作者们经常准备好了一些生动的关于杰出的商人是怎样把自己的个性刻划于自己的公司之中，或怎样把公司从致命危机中拯救的故事。 一个usually暗示成功学作者们经常这样做，可得出C.他们或多或少陷入了同样的思维定势 为正确答案。
58题。题干问题为“作者认为三大规则这本书与其他成功学书籍有何不同？”。根据关键词大写的Three Rules 定位，发现剩下的文章几乎都是在说这本书。于是动用顺序原则优先看第三段：The authors spent five years studying the behaviour of their 344 “exceptional companies”, only to come up at first with nothing. Every hunch led to a blind alley and every hypothesis to a dead end. It was only when they shifted their attention from how companies behave to how they think that they began to make sense of their voluminous material. 大意就是：
他们前五年对344个优秀公司的研究毫无成果。直到他们把注意力从杰出公司做了什么转移到总结杰出公司的思考方式，他们浩瀚的研究素材才有成果。 由此得出他们的重点是在站在杰出公司角度思考动因以分析成功，所以 C.此书详细的分析是基于海量的数据 为正确答案。
59题。题干问题为“文章认为杰出公司的成功是依靠以下哪个选项？”。根据关键词exceptional companies 定位到第四段第二句：…But exceptional companies approach these trade-offs with two simple rules in mind, sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously. First: better before cheaper. Companies are more likely to succeed in the long run if they compete on quality or performance than on price. Second: revenue before cost. Companies have more to gain in the long run from driving up revenue (for example by charging higher prices or appealing to more customers) than by driving down costs. 大意就是：杰出公司有两大原则：第一，打质量仗而不是价格仗；第二，开源而不是节流。 可得出A.专注于质量和收入 为正确答案。
60题。题干问题为“作者对三大规则这本书有何评价？”。根据关键词书名comment和顺序原则来到最后一段最后两句：…But they end up embracing a different error: stating the obvious. Most businesspeople will not be surprised to learn that it is better to find a profitable niche and focus on boosting your revenues than to compete on price and cut your way to success. The difficult question is how to find that profitable niche and protect it. There, “The Three Rules” is less useful.大意是：此书翻了另一个错误，就是忽视了商人们的难题是达到盈利位置并保持领先。在这个方面，此书没那么有用。 由此得出作者对此书并不是完全认可，所以D.它失败于确认成功的关键 为正确答案。
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